The disappointing quarterfinal exit against Croatia at the 1998 World Cup then made it plain to see: not enough talent was coming through. In the Bundesliga, the percentage of foreigners had risen again, to 50 percent by the time the season kicked off in 2000.
The German FA realized that something had to be done. It looked at the French system and decided that something similar was needed. In May 1999, FA vice president Beckenbauer, first-team manager Ribbeck, Bayer Leverkusen general manager Reiner Calmund and FA Director of Youth Development Dietrich Weise presented a new concept for producing young German footballers. All across the country, 121 national talent centers would be built to help 10- to 17-year-olds with technical practice. Each center would employ two full-time coaches at a cost of $15.6 million over five years. The second key point was a new requirement for all 36 professional clubs in Bundesliga and Bundesliga 2 to build youth academies.
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After a disappointing Euro 2004, where Germany was knocked out in the group stage for the second time in a row, manager Rudi Völler resigned. Jürgen Klinsmann took over with the specific directive "to take the whole shop apart." He introduced a new, highly individualized fitness regime devised by American specialists, replaced old FA apparatchiks with trusted lieutenants and embarked on a radical repositioning of the tactical identity of the national team. Under Ribbeck and Völler, a lack of creative players had made the side progressively more negative, as well as overly reliant on individual heroics from midfielder Michael Ballack and keeper Oliver Kahn.
Klinsmann, the former Spurs and Bayern forward, had other ideas. He wanted Germany to play an (idealized) version of Premier League soccer; a 4-4-2 system with attacking wide players, overlapping fullbacks and only one holding midfielder behind box-to-box tyro Ballack. Opponents would be pressed and overwhelmed high up the pitch by players hunting in packs. It was a style that caught the imagination of the public but needed some modification to bring results: Ballack unselfishly persuaded Klinsmann to play him deeper alongside Torsten Frings in a more defensive role before the tournament started.
Klinsmann assistant Joachim "Jogi" Löw continued on this path after succeeding his boss but had to rethink his formation when Croatia beat Germany 2-1 at the 2008 Euros. His 4-4-2 was ill-equipped to deal with sides that had deep-lying shadow strikers or playmakers "between the lines" and also suffered from predictability. Doubling up on Germany's wide players would disrupt the supply to the forwards and reduce them to shots from distance.
Löw adopted a more fluid 4-2-3-1 system with Ballack behind sole striker Miroslav Klose to get to the final, but it was the emergence of Mesut Özil (Werder Bremen) that enabled this system to really blossom one year later.
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"We have undoubtedly more talent than 10 years ago," said Albeck, who has a budget of about $5 million at his disposal every year. Last season alone, the 36 Bundesliga clubs spent a combined $100 million on youth development, a higher proportion of income than any other major league. Germany's footballing philosophy has also changed. Whereas youth coaches would traditionally stress stamina and physical endurance, the new crop of highly qualified coaches is more interested in developing technical ability.