Poll after poll reveals that most Americans think they’re part of the middle class even if they’re clearly not. Economically, the middle class is just that—the middle third of American households in terms of net worth. A good number of those in both the upper third and the lower third will tell you they’re middle class, however, begging the question why. Why do so many Americans identify with the middle class? What is it about the idea of the middle class that makes most Americans want to belong to the group? Why is the middle class considered “more American” than the lower or upper classes? Trying to answer such questions is timely as Democrats and Republicans battle it out to be recognized as the genuine party of the middle class.
The rather odd psychology of claiming to be middle class despite evidence to the contrary has deep historic roots. Since the early 19th century, in fact, strong feelings have consistently been attached to the American middle class, explaining why there is still so much concern for its fate. Because the United States was founded on the principles of democracy and equality, it makes perfect sense that “average” Americans have been viewed as most symbolic of what makes this country great and different from others.The illusion that most Americans belong to the middle class reflects our national mythology of the “Everyman,” an idea that is central to both our collective and individual identities. As social beings, we are hardwired to want to belong to groups, and fear being labeled as outsiders or outcasts. Clinging to the belief that we are typical members of our tribe, even if we own five houses or are on food stamps, is critical to our psychic wellbeing. This is particularly true in a society like ours whose mythological bedrock is the ideal of equality.