IEEPA, which became law in 1977, gives the pres?id?ent sweep?ing powers to impose economic sanc?tions on persons and entit?ies upon determ?in?ing that there exists an “unusual and extraordin?ary threat, which has its source in whole or substan?tial part outside the United States, to the national secur?ity, foreign policy, or economy of the United States.” Over the years, it has been invoked to deal with the prolif?er?a?tion of chem?ical and biolo?gical weapons and weapons of mass destruc?tion, hostile foreign govern?ments, terror?ism, transna?tional crime, cyber?at?tacks, human rights abuses, corrup?tion, inter?fer?ence in U.S. elec?tions, poten?tial intru?sions into U.S. commu?nic?a?tions tech?no?logy, and perceived threats from the Inter?na?tional Crim?inal Court.
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