Re: Covfefe-19 The 10th Part: Might As Well Reject No Shirt, No Shoes While You're At
I'm kind of surprised no one else has posted this yet (at least, I haven't seen it anywhere else) but, it's an article from last Wednesday from Science magazine. Here's the link:
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1113051/number-reported-deaths-from-covid-pneumonia-and-flu-us/
It's a very interesting read. They discussed the latest information addressing both how the virus spreads -- contrary to previous info they strongly believe the virus is capable of being and has likely been aerosolized -- along with the latest on how effective the various types of masks are in preventing infection. What's frustrating, especially regarding the mask effectiveness debate, is the different messages coming from different experts. For example, over the last 14 days, Michael Olsterholm, considered one of the top 5 people in the world on infectious diseases, has been on a number of media outlets saying he doesn't think cloth or even surgical masks do much to prevent infection. Yet, the researchers in the article are very confident that even cloth masks can help reduce infection risks, especially in an indoor setting. The ability of the virus to be aerosolized was even contradicted just yesterday by Dr. Bill Morice, the Chair of the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology at Mayo Clinic, on the Twin Cities' sports talk station KFAN where he downplayed the risk of aerosolized spread.
In the article, they are now stating that especially in indoor situations, there is a chance the virus could hang in the air for "hours". Here's a couple of excerpt from
the article;
"Respiratory infections occur through the transmission of virus-containing droplets (>5 to 10 μm) and aerosols (≤5 μm) exhaled from infected individuals during breathing, speaking, coughing, and sneezing. Traditional respiratory disease control measures are designed to reduce transmission by droplets produced in the sneezes and coughs of infected individuals. However, a large proportion of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears to be occurring through airborne transmission of aerosols produced by asymptomatic individuals during breathing and speaking (1–3). Aerosols can accumulate, remain infectious in indoor air for hours, and be easily inhaled deep into the lungs. For society to resume, measures designed to reduce aerosol transmission must be implemented, including universal masking and regular, widespread testing to identify and isolate infected asymptomatic individuals."
"Identifying infected individuals to curb SARS-CoV-2 transmission is more challenging compared to SARS and other respiratory viruses because infected individuals can be highly contagious for several days, peaking on or before symptoms occur (2, 7). These “silent shedders” could be critical drivers of the enhanced spread of SARS-CoV-2. In Wuhan, China, it has been estimated that undiagnosed cases of COVID-19 infection, who were presumably asymptomatic, were responsible for up to 79% of viral infections (3). Therefore, regular, widespread testing is essential to identify and isolate infected asymptomatic individuals."
"A study in hospitals in Wuhan, China, found SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols further than 6 ft from patients with higher concentrations detected in more crowded areas (8). Estimates using an average sputum viral load for SARS-CoV-2 indicate that 1 min of loud speaking could generate >1000 virion-containing aerosols (9). Assuming viral titers for infected super-emitters (with 100-fold higher viral load than average) yields an increase to more than 100,000 virions in emitted droplets per minute of speaking."
"The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for social distancing of 6 ft and hand washing to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 are based on studies of respiratory droplets carried out in the 1930s. These studies showed that large, ~100 μm droplets produced in coughs and sneezes quickly underwent gravitational settling (1). However, when these studies were conducted, the technology did not exist for detecting submicron aerosols. As a comparison, calculations predict that in still air, a 100-μm droplet will settle to the ground from 8 ft in 4.6 s whereas a 1-μm aerosol particle will take 12.4 hours (4). Measurements now show that intense coughs and sneezes that propel larger droplets more than 20 ft can also create thousands of aerosols that can travel even further (1). Increasing evidence for SARS-CoV-2 suggests the 6 ft CDC recommendation is likely not enough under many indoor conditions where aerosols can remain airborne for hours, accumulate over time, and follow air flows over distances further than 6 ft (5, 10)."
"Airborne spread from undiagnosed infections will continuously undermine the effectiveness of even the most vigorous testing, tracing, and social distancing programs. After evidence revealed that airborne transmission by asymptomatic individuals might be a key driver in the global spread of COVID-19, the CDC recommended the use of cloth face coverings. Masks provide a critical barrier, reducing the number of infectious viruses in exhaled breath, especially of asymptomatic people and those with mild symptoms (12) (see the figure). Surgical mask material reduces the likelihood and severity of COVID-19 by substantially reducing airborne viral concentrations (13). Masks can also protect uninfected individuals from SARS-CoV-2 aerosols and droplets (13, 14). Thus, it is particularly important to wear masks in locations with conditions that can accumulate high concentrations of viruses, such as health care settings, airplanes, restaurants, and other crowded places with reduced ventilation. The aerosol filtering efficiency of different materials, thicknesses, and layers used in properly fitted homemade masks was recently found to be similar to that of the medical masks that were tested (14). Thus, the option of universal masking is no longer held back by shortages."
In my opinion, these are some of the more important parts of the article but I highly recommend you read it in it's entirety. Interested to know what some of the rest of you think. It's also interesting to note that in his interview yesterday, Dr. Morice indicated he felt very strongly that some of the early returns on some current trials of therapeutics are indicating that their could very well produce potential usable therapies by the end of the summer. On the other hand, he was asked about how confident he was that kids would return to school on time (in Minnesota) and, he said he wasn't as confident about a return to school on time as there is still much they don't know about enough how the virus truly affects kids.
Finally, the lead epidemiologist from Sweden who lead their decision making about keeping everything open and going for "herd immunity", is now acknowledging it was a mistake and that they should've enacted much stronger restrictions. The Guardian is now reporting that Sweden currently has the world's highest per capita death rate.