Re: The Power of the SCOTUS IV: Gays, Guns, and Immigrants, OH MY!
There is an intractable set of problems in philosophy known as the Sorites Paradox. I wish the author had used English...this concept is central to some of our debates here.
Take the abortion debate, for example. Pretend we have with us a reasonable person without any strong ideological preferences one way or the other. We start a conversation with our amiable friend.
"Suppose a newborn infant is smothered. is that murder?"
-- of course.
"Suppose we have an infant, still inside the womb, one day away from birth. If that infant is killed, is it murder?"
-- obviously, why should one day make such a big difference?
"Well, if one day doesn't make a difference, what about two?"
-- totally agree.
We can probably do this for a few more steps at least, and as we've learned from the Kermit Gosnell case, juries agree with this logic as well...as long as we are close enough to birth that just about every "reasonable" person agrees that, once you have a fully-formed infant capable of living on its own independently without assistance, there is little effective distinction to be made whether it is inside the womb or not: "late enough" in the gestation process, it's murder.
However,.....
You can "play the same game" from the other end as well.
Back to our amiable reasonable non-ideological friend....
"Suppose we keep the sperm from reaching the egg in the first place. Do you see any problem with that?"
-- no, in this day and age, it's prudent and responsible unless you want to have a child.
"Suppose the sperm fertilizes the egg, but the egg doesn't implant in the uterine wall?"
-- if you can flush it out without harming the mother, why not?
"Suppose it implants in the uterine wall, but cell division hasn't started yet?"
-- seems reasonable
"Suppose cell division has started, but you have an undifferentiated lump of tissue?"
-- still okay so far
and we reach a point where, even if human life begins at conception, human beings don't come into existence until weeks or months later.
The Sorites paradox is intractable, as I've said; some awareness of how it works and "which end" of the argument one starts from helps us realize that neither extreme really works for most people on most issues, yet it is the extremists who seem to have the loudest voices and dominate the discussion the most.
There is an intractable set of problems in philosophy known as the Sorites Paradox. I wish the author had used English...this concept is central to some of our debates here.
The sorites paradox is the name given to a class of paradoxical arguments, also known as little-by-little arguments, which arise as a result of the indeterminacy surrounding limits of application of the predicates involved. For example, the concept of a heap appears to lack sharp boundaries and, as a consequence of the subsequent indeterminacy surrounding the extension of the predicate ‘is a heap’, no one grain of wheat can be identified as making the difference between being a heap and not being a heap. Given then that one grain of wheat does not make a heap, it would seem to follow that two do not, thus three do not, and so on. In the end it would appear that no amount of wheat can make a heap. We are faced with paradox since from apparently true premises by seemingly uncontroversial reasoning we arrive at an apparently false conclusion.
Take the abortion debate, for example. Pretend we have with us a reasonable person without any strong ideological preferences one way or the other. We start a conversation with our amiable friend.
"Suppose a newborn infant is smothered. is that murder?"
-- of course.
"Suppose we have an infant, still inside the womb, one day away from birth. If that infant is killed, is it murder?"
-- obviously, why should one day make such a big difference?
"Well, if one day doesn't make a difference, what about two?"
-- totally agree.
We can probably do this for a few more steps at least, and as we've learned from the Kermit Gosnell case, juries agree with this logic as well...as long as we are close enough to birth that just about every "reasonable" person agrees that, once you have a fully-formed infant capable of living on its own independently without assistance, there is little effective distinction to be made whether it is inside the womb or not: "late enough" in the gestation process, it's murder.
However,.....
You can "play the same game" from the other end as well.
Back to our amiable reasonable non-ideological friend....
"Suppose we keep the sperm from reaching the egg in the first place. Do you see any problem with that?"
-- no, in this day and age, it's prudent and responsible unless you want to have a child.
"Suppose the sperm fertilizes the egg, but the egg doesn't implant in the uterine wall?"
-- if you can flush it out without harming the mother, why not?
"Suppose it implants in the uterine wall, but cell division hasn't started yet?"
-- seems reasonable
"Suppose cell division has started, but you have an undifferentiated lump of tissue?"
-- still okay so far
and we reach a point where, even if human life begins at conception, human beings don't come into existence until weeks or months later.
The Sorites paradox is intractable, as I've said; some awareness of how it works and "which end" of the argument one starts from helps us realize that neither extreme really works for most people on most issues, yet it is the extremists who seem to have the loudest voices and dominate the discussion the most.