Not as many as you would like to think. The goal is to actually improve the air quality in the state, in spite of people like you trying to find a way around the rules. The more people "cheat", the more draconian the rules become. That's how every law works.
But that has nothing to do with the recent issue with GM, Toyota, and co. None of the OEMs argue that California should not have the ability to create their own standards for things that quickly harm human health or the environment. The question is whether the fact that NHTSA made fuel economy standards in the 70s, which were actually CO2 standards based on how it's measured, means that the Federal Government has the overall responsibility to regulate CO2 when California didn't address CO2 until into the 2000's.
California's air quality rules pre-date the Feds by about a year, which is why they get special treatment. And states are allowed to choose between California or Fed rules- and I think there are 9 "Green States" at the moment.
The over riding goal is to have one standard for everything. And it would be nice if it applied to fuels, too- have ONE fuel standard in the whole country- make our lives a lot better (and cheaper).
To the draconian comment- thanks to VW, the EU has responded with on road vehicle testing for certification, and I'm pretty sure that California will at least go that direction before lowering the standards more. And that's a lot harder than doing it in a lab. But since VW got creative in their cheating- they have made it harder for all of the OEM's. I'm still pretty mad at VW for that, and will never, ever, ever buy a VAG product. Including a P car.
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