Mark Zuckerberg’s announcement that he and his wife, Priscilla Chan, are pledging $45 billion over their lifetimes to an “initiative” to help solve the world’s problems has been widely hailed as an extraordinary act of philanthropy. But generous as this commitment is, it actually marks the culmination of a frequent critique of philanthropy in its current form....[aside: a critique I echoed in that post...]
Most reports of the couple’s pledge, made after their daughter’s birth last week, have characterized it as a “gift” to charity....in fact it is an investment in a limited-liability corporation to be called the “Chan Zuckerberg Initiative.”
Although perhaps contradictory, the purposes of the company are clearly philanthropic, to advance “human potential” and promote “equality,” rather than earn money for its owners. However, it will not just make grants to nonprofits, as foundations typically do. The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative will also own stakes in for-profit businesses in fields like education and health care, which its owners believe will help achieve their philanthropic goals. [emphasis added, as I suggested something very similar...]
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What Mr. Zuckerberg and others are proposing instead is to harness the profit motive on behalf of their philanthropic goals. This is often referred to as a “double bottom-line” approach: The companies in which the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative invests will have to show both a financial return in order to be sustainable and a social one—for example, increased numbers of lives saved or children finishing school—in order to obtain additional funding. [emphasis added].
The approach Mr. Zuckerberg is taking has several advantages. One is that if he had created a foundation, American tax laws would have required him to sell most of the Facebook stock he gave it. But by using the stock to fund a limited-liability company, he can keep control over as much of it as he wants (though he may sell some to make grants or investments).
In addition, other wealthy people can contribute to the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative or to the companies it bankrolls, leveraging the $45 billion Mr. Zuckerberg and his wife intend to put in. Not least importantly, the initiative, being an LLC, is entitled to a share of any profits from its investments, which it plans to use to renew its funds.