The Amazon rain forest has long absorbed more carbon than it releases and acted as a vital brake on climate change. An extensive study now suggests that it is losing its ability to suck up the excess carbon dioxide being emitted into the atmosphere by human activities.
The main reason: the large-scale death of trees in the rain forest, according to the study.
Mortality rates of trees in the region have increased by more than a third since the mid-1980s. As a result, the amount of new carbon stored each year in the form of growing tree stems, new leaves, roots and organic matter in the soil, is diminishing, the study says.
Each year, human activity releases about 35 billion tons of CO2 into the atmosphere. For the past few decades, about a quarter of those emissions have been absorbed by the oceans, while another quarter is taken up by trees and other terrestrial sources. The other half stays in the atmosphere and is believed to be the main driver of man-made climate change.
Plants have thrived in that excess CO2. Partly because of the increased availability of the gas, the global land carbon sink has grown since the mid-1990s.
About half of the carbon sink on land consists of intact tropical forests. The Amazon, which is 15 times the size of California, is at least half of the global tropical forest. Its 300 hundred billion trees store one fifth of all carbon in the earth’s biomass.
While increasing CO2 emissions fueled a growth spurt for the Amazon’s trees, that growth rate of new trees has leveled off since 2000. At the same time, the trees’ death rate has gone up.