Changes in economic systems tend to occur slowly over centuries, but globalism may change that. We saw in the 19th and 20th centuries that the elites of capitalism will use any level of force available with any body count acceptable to suppress any challenge to their dominance. Likewise, feudal societies fought against proto-capitalism for centuries. Agrarian slave societies fell apart and didn't really have the energy to fight against the rise of feudalism, per se -- it was more a matter of Change of Management. And we just don't know about the transition between traditional hunter/gather societies to agrarian slavery, except that it took tens of thousands of years and was significantly staggered across the world -- the Americas arguably didn't even entirely make the jump before whitey showed up with guns to hurry them along.
Capitalism also has a highly trained multi-class workforce to defend it, access to lots of information to manage the ideological battlefield, and of course tremendous propaganda power through media, schools, governments, and churches which have been co-opted to be tools of capitalist elites. It's unclear how this next transition takes place, which is why I think most futurists imagine some cataclysm that eliminates the power of the rich to resist reform. "It is easier to imagine the end of the world than the end of capitalism."
Whether by disaster or gradual evolution I think leaving capitalism behind takes centuries, with during most of it the dominant ideology still viewed as some form of advanced capitalism, like the Roman Republic still existed in name long after Augustus has solidified the Imperial state.
In the long term, everything will end: the United States, capitalism, Christianity, the "West." As we spread out, Earth-centrism will rise and fall. Biological vs artificially enhanced intelligence will probably have its day as a Existential Crisis before being dismissed as a false dichotomy (every time you read a book you are an "artificially enhanced" intelligence).