Brazil’s instant payment system works much like US payment apps like Zelle, but instead of being ruled by a consortium of banks it is controlled by the Brazilian Central Bank.
To access the payment system, one only needs to have a Brazilian bank account and an email address or a phone number. You can then register a personal or company Pix key using a taxpayer ID number (Brazil’s version of a social security number).
The whole country is operating on the system, for everything from buying groceries in a remote rural village to buying clothes in a shopping mall in Latin America’s biggest city of São Paulo.
You name it, everyone’s using Pix.
Benefits for the poor
The payment system is used by those from all income levels, with 159.9 million people registered at the end of June of 2025, according to
Brazil’s Central Bank data.
“This has been the best thing the
government has ever done for
Brazil's poorest by far,” according to Márcio Garcia, an economics professor at Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro.
“This has led to increased participation in the economy by poorer segments of the population, including opening bank accounts and becoming part of the banking system. It has become fundamental to the economic production of a lot of Brazilians today, given the size of the informal economy.”
Pix was launched in 2020 during the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, when many Brazilians opened bank accounts for the first time to receive government aid. They also quickly embraced the zero-contact Pix payment system.
Pix is used by 93 percent of adults in Brazil, with 62 percent naming it as their most frequently used payment method, according to a
Google survey published by Valor in mid-July.
By 2024 Pix was already the most widely used payment method in the country, used by more than 76% of the population and surpassing both debit cards and cash (at around 69%),
according to Brazil’s Central Bank.
US corporate giants not happy
But not everyone is thrilled. Two major US corporate interests – big tech and credit card networks – are losing market share to Pix.
Months before Pix launched,
Facebook parent company Meta announced in 2020 that it would introduce WhatsApp payments in Brazil. But banking authorities delayed the rollout, arguing that it could undermine Brazil’s own payment systems. Meta eventually launched the WhatsApp payments system in May 2021 – six months after Pix entered the market – but it has since failed to gain traction. Some in the industry
blame the decision to delay, citing the Brazilian government’s vested interest in the Pix programme.
The Office of the US
Trade Representative (USTR) issued a
statement in July announcing that it was investigating Brazil's “unfair trading practices”, saying that Brazil “may harm the competitiveness of American companies” by favouring its own innovative, government-developed electronic payment services, although it did not mention Pix by name.
Against the backdrop of US President Donald Trump's
threats to impose a 50 percent tariff on Brazil –
which will now be implemented on August 1 – and calling for far-right former president
Jair Bolsonaro's trial for his alleged coup attempt to be halted, the probe into trading practices seemed like another attack. A government-run social media campaign went viral with the slogan: “Pix is Ours, My Friend.”
“Seems like our Pix is causing a lot of jealousy abroad, you know?” the government said in an
Instagram caption.