In the following decades, Zheng He would take the Treasure Fleet on six voyages, visiting Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and East Africa. Unlike the later European colonizers or ancient Roman merchants who also engaged in the
Indian Ocean trade, the Chinese had a different mission. The enormous navy was designed to coerce foreign leaders to submit to the Ming and to accept the emperor’s nominal control. It was gunboat diplomacy at its finest. In some rare cases when the sheer size of the imperial “treasure ships” failed to impress the locals, Zheng He,
skilled in the art of war, would employ his fleet’s massive firepower. Thus, it is unsurprising that all six missions were a huge success, flooding Nanjing with exotic gifts and bringing many foreign envoys to the capital. By 1431, over thirty countries, from Malacca to East Africa, became part of the Ming tributary system.