Let me begin by reminding you of the fact that the possession of true
thoughts means everywhere the possession of invaluable instruments of
action; and that our duty to gain truth, so far from being a blank
command from out of the blue, or a 'stunt' self-imposed by our
intellect, can account for itself by excellent practical reasons.
The importance to human life of having true beliefs about matters of
fact is a thing too notorious. We live in a world of realities that can
be infinitely useful or infinitely harmful. Ideas that tell us which of
them to expect count as the true ideas in all this primary sphere of
verification, and the pursuit of such ideas is a primary human duty. The
possession of truth, so far from being here an end in itself, is only a
preliminary means towards other vital satisfactions. If I am lost in the
woods and starved, and find what looks like a cow-path, it is of the
utmost importance that I should think of a human habitation at the end
of it, for if I do so and follow it, I save myself. The true thought is
useful here because the house which is its object is useful. The
practical value of true ideas is thus primarily derived from the
practical importance of their objects to us. Their objects are, indeed,
not important at all times. I may on another occasion have no use for
the house; and then my idea of it, however verifiable, will be
practically irrelevant, and had better remain latent. Yet since almost
any object may some day become temporarily important, the advantage of
having a general stock of extra truths, of ideas that shall be true
of merely possible situations, is obvious. We store such extra truths
away in our memories, and with the overflow we fill our books of
reference. Whenever such an extra truth becomes practically relevant to
one of our emergencies, it passes from cold-storage to do work in the
world and our belief in it grows active. You can say of it then either
that 'it is useful because it is true' or that 'it is true because it is
useful.' Both these phrases mean exactly the same thing, namely that
here is an idea that gets fulfilled and can be verified. True is the
name for whatever idea starts the verification-process, useful is the
name for its completed function in experience. True ideas would never
have been singled out as such, would never have acquired a class-name,
least of all a name suggesting value, unless they had been useful from
the outset in this way.