Earlier this month, I learned that my 4th-great-grandfather Nathan Marx, the father of my ancestor Marx (Mordechai) Nathan who adopted the family name B?r (Baer) in 1809, received Schutz (the rights to live in a specific place, marry, have a family, and of course pay taxes) in 1752 for the town of Malsch. Malsch was at that time in the Markgrafschaft (Margraviate of) Baden-Baden and is now in the Landkreis (county of) Karlsruhe in Baden-W?rttemberg, Germany. My paternal line ancestors through my great-grandfather Nathan Baer in 1846 were all born in Malsch. I learned that he was from Obergrombach, then in the Hochstift (Catholic Church lands of) Speyer (new information) and now also in the Landkreis Karlsruhe. He was engaged to marry a daughter of Abraham of Malsch (also new information, but guessed due to naming patterns).
It was not difficult then to locate information about his father Mordechai (Mordche) Leser in Obergrombach and father-in-law Abraham Isaac in Malsch. This is Mordechai’s gravestone
https://www.jewishgen.org/viewmate/responselist.asp?key=93181 which I asked to have translated. It was one of about 1800 out of 2300 stones removed in the Nazi era, about 700 of which were re-erected in 1992. This particular one was cut approximately square, probably to be used for paving.